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The decade was perhaps most dominated by the Mongols, who under the leadership of Möngke Khan continued their rapid expansion throughout Asia both to the east and west of their home territories.

The Mongols destroyed the Kingdom of Dali in Laos, and captured the Goryeo kingdom in Korea, eastern Galicia in Europe, Anatolia in Turkey, and the Islamic center of Baghdad, where tens or hundreds of thousands were killed as the city was burned to the ground.

In Thailand the Lannathai kingdom was founded.

In Japan, a new sect of Buddhism was formed, while in Korea the carving of Buddhist scriptures on 81, 000 wooden blocks was completed.