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The sixth edition of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association was released in July 2009 after four years of development.

The Publication Manual Revision Task Force of the American Psychological Association established parameters for the revision based on published criticism, user comments, commissioned reviews, and input from psychologists, nurses, librarians, business leaders, publishing professionals, and APA governance groups ( APA, 2007a, 2007b ).

To accomplish these revisions, the Task Force appointed working groups of four to nine members in seven areas: Bias-Free Language, Ethics, Graphics, Journal Article Reporting Standards, References, Statistics, and Writing Style ( APA, 2009, pp. xvii – xviii ).