Page "Amphibian" Paragraph 100

Little is known of the territorial behaviour of caecilians but some frogs and salamanders defend home ranges.

These are usually feeding, breeding or sheltering sites.

Males normally exhibit such behaviour though in some species, females and even juveniles are also involved.

Although in many frog species, females are larger than males, this is not the case in most species where males are actively involved in territorial defence.

Some of these have specific adaptations such as enlarged teeth for biting or spines on the chest, arms or thumbs.