Page "Archduke Charles, Duke of Teschen" Paragraph 8

In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations ; Austria sustained defeat on the Danube, and the archduke was defeated by Massena in the Battle of Caldiero.

With the conclusion of peace he began his active work of army reorganization, which was first tested on the field in 1809.