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German sociologist Max Weber played an important role in Jaspers ' thinking.

Shmuel Eisenstadt argues in the introduction to The Origins and Diversity of Axial Age Civilizations that Max Weber's work in his The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism, The Religion of India: The Sociology of Hinduism and Buddhism and Ancient Judaism provided a background for the importance of the period, and notes parallels with Eric Voegelin's Order and History.

Wider acknowledgement of Jaspers ' work came after it was presented at a conference and published in Dædalus in 1975, and Jaspers ' suggestion that the period was uniquely transformative generated important discussion amongst other scholars, such as Johann Arnason.

In literature, Gore Vidal in his novel Creation covers much of this Axial Age through the fictional perspective of a Persian adventurer.