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Thus, Octavian's victory at the Battle of Actium gave him sole and uncontested control of " Mare Nostrum " ( Our Sea i. e. the Roman Mediterannean ) and he became " Augustus Caesar " and the " first citizen " of Rome.
This victory, consolidating his power over every Roman institution, marked the transition of Rome from Republic to Empire.
Egypt's final surrender following Cleopatra's death also marks the final demise of both the Hellenistic Period and the Ptolemaic Kingdom.

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