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In a single sentence, parallel to Aristotle's statement asserting that being is substance, St. Thomas pushes away from the Aristotelian doctrine: " Being is not a genus, since it is not predicated univocally but only analogically.
" His term for analogy is Latin analogia.
In the categorical classification of all beings, all substances are partly the same: man and chimpanzee are both animals and the animal part in man is " the same " as the animal part in chimpanzee.
Most fundamentally all substances are matter, a theme taken up by science, which postulated one or more matters, such as earth, air, fire or water ( Empedocles ).
In today's chemistry the carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen in a chimpanzee are identical to the same elements in a man.

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