Page "Berber music" Paragraph 19

Kabylian music has been famous in France since the 1930s, when it was played at cafés.

As it evolved, Western string instruments and Arab musical conventions, like large backing orchestras, were added.

After the independence of Algeria and Kabylian culture was oppressed, many musicians began to adopt politicized lyrics.

The three most popular musicians of this era were Ferhat Mehenni, Lounis Ait Menguellet and Idir, whose " A Vava Inouva " ( 1973 ) brought international attention for Kabylian music and laid the groundwork for the breakthrough of raï.