Page "Berlin" Paragraph 7

In 1435, Frederick I became the elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg, which he ruled until 1440.

His successor, Frederick II Irontooth, established Berlin as capital of the margraviate, and subsequent members of the Hohenzollern family ruled until 1918 in Berlin, first as electors of Brandenburg, then as kings of Prussia, and eventually as German emperors.

In 1448, citizens rebelled in the " Berlin Indignation " against the construction of a new royal palace by Frederick II Irontooth.

This protest was not successful, however, and the citizenry lost many of its political and economic privileges.

In 1451 Berlin became the royal residence of the Brandenburg electors, and Berlin had to give up its status as a free Hanseatic city.

In 1539, the electors and the city officially became Lutheran.