Page "Bioinformatics" Paragraph 39
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Regulation is the complex orchestration of events starting with an extracellular signal such as a hormone and leading to an increase or decrease in the activity of one or more proteins.
For example, promoter analysis involves the identification and study of sequence motifs in the DNA surrounding the coding region of a gene.
Expression data can be used to infer gene regulation: one might compare microarray data from a wide variety of states of an organism to form hypotheses about the genes involved in each state.
In a single-cell organism, one might compare stages of the cell cycle, along with various stress conditions ( heat shock, starvation, etc .).
One can then apply clustering algorithms to that expression data to determine which genes are co-expressed.
For example, the upstream regions ( promoters ) of co-expressed genes can be searched for over-represented regulatory elements.
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