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The plague is thought to have returned at intervals with varying virulence and mortality until the 18th century.

On its return in 1603, for example, the plague killed 38, 000 Londoners.

Other notable 17th-century outbreaks were the Italian Plague ( 1629 – 1631 ); the Great Plague of Seville ( 1647 – 1652 ); the Great Plague of London ( 1665 – 1666 ); and the Great Plague of Vienna ( 1679 ).

There is some controversy over the identity of the disease, but in its virulent form, after the Great Plague of Marseille in 1720 – 1722, the Great Plague of 1738 ( which hit Eastern Europe ), and the Russian plague of 1770-1772, it seems to have gradually disappeared from Europe.

By the early 19th century, the threat of plague had diminished, but it was quickly replaced by a new disease.

The Asiatic cholera was the first of several cholera pandemics to sweep through Asia and Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries.