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The Black Hawk War was a brief conflict fought in 1832 between the United States and Native Americans headed by Black Hawk, a Sauk leader.

The war erupted soon after Black Hawk and a group of Sauks, Meskwakis, and Kickapoos known as the " British Band " crossed the Mississippi River into the U. S. state of Illinois in April 1832.

Black Hawk's motives were ambiguous, but he was apparently hoping to avoid bloodshed while resettling on land that had been ceded to the United States in a disputed 1804 treaty.