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Northern critics called Washington's followers the " Tuskegee Machine ".
After 1909, Washington was criticized by the leaders of the new NAACP, especially W. E. B.
Du Bois, who demanded a stronger tone of protest for advancement of civil rights needs.
Washington replied that confrontation would lead to disaster for the outnumbered blacks, and that cooperation with supportive whites was the only way to overcome pervasive racism in the long run.
At the same time, he secretly funded litigation for civil rights cases, such as challenges to southern constitutions and laws that disfranchised blacks.
Washington was on close terms with national republican leaders, and often was asked for political advice by presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft.

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