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Historically, all living things were grouped as either animals or plants, and botany covered the study of all organisms not considered to be animals.
Now, plants are considered to be organisms that obtain their energy from sunlight by means of photosynthesis and some closely related, chlorophyll-free parasitic plants.
Other organisms previously included in the field of botany include bacteria, ( studied in bacteriology ), fungi, ( mycology ) including lichen-forming fungi ( lichenology ), non-chlorophyte algae ( phycology ) and viruses ( virology ).
However, attention is still given to these groups by botanists, and fungi ( including lichens ), and photosynthetic protists are usually covered in introductory botany courses.

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