Page "Brown v. Board of Education" Paragraph 50

Supporters of the earlier decision were displeased with this decision.

The language “ all deliberate speed ” was seen by critics as too ambiguous to ensure reasonable haste for compliance with the court's instruction.

Many Southern states and school districts interpreted " Brown II " as legal justification for resisting, delaying, and avoiding significant integration for years — and in some cases for a decade or more — using such tactics as closing down school systems, using state money to finance segregated " private " schools, and " token " integration where a few carefully selected black children were admitted to former white-only schools but the vast majority remained in underfunded, unequal black schools.