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In the initial stages the latter way of choosing leadership prevailed among the leading companions of Muhammad.
Abu Bakr was elected as the first caliph or successor to Muhammad, with the other companions of Muhammad giving an oath of allegiance to him.
Those opposing this method thought that Ali, Muhammad's nearest relative, should have succeeded him.
However the appointment of the next two caliphs varied from the election of Abu Bakr.
On his deathbed, Abu Bakr appointed Umar as his successor without an election by the community of Believers.
The oath, approving the appointment of Umar, was taken only by the Companions present in Medina at the time.
This led to certain groups disputing the authority of Umar.
Umar also altered the way his successor would be found.
Before he was assassinated, Umar decided that his successor would come from a group of six.
This group included Ali and Uthman another companion of Muhammad.
These six would have to establish from among themselves Umar's successor.
Ultimately Uthman was chosen as Umar's successor, becoming the third Caliph.
After the assassination of Uthman, Ali was elected as the fourth Caliph.

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