Page "Canal" Paragraph 31
from
Wikipedia
Taking boats through these used large amounts of water leading to conflicts with watermill owners and to correct this, the pound or chamber lock first appeared, in 10th century in China and in Europe in 1373 in Vreeswijk, Netherlands.
Another important development was the mitre gate, which was, it is presumed, introduced in Italy by Bertola da Novate in the 16th century.
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