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In the Medieval West, the Holy See began to be asked to intervene in the question of canonizations, so as to ensure a more authoritative decision.
The canonization of Saint Udalric, Bishop of Augsburg, by Pope John XV in 999 is the first undoubted example of a papal canonization of a saint from outside Rome ( Some historians maintain that the first such canonization was that of Saint Swibert by Pope Leo III in 804 ).
Thereafter recourse was had with greater frequency to the judgment of the popes.
Walter of Pontoise was canonized by Hugh de Boves, the Archbishop of Rouen in 1153 ; Walter was the last saint in Western Europe to have been canonized by an authority other than the pope.
“ The last case of canonization by a metropolitan is said to have been that of St. Gaultier, or Gaucher, abbot of Pontoise, by the Archbishop of Rouen.
A decree of Pope Alexander III, 1170, gave the prerogative to the pope thenceforth, so far as the Western Church was concerned .”

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