Page "Cardinal assignment" Paragraph 6
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Formally, assuming the axiom of choice, cardinality of a set X is the least ordinal α such that there is a bijection between X and α.
The oldest definition of the cardinality of a set X ( implicit in Cantor and explicit in Frege and Principia Mathematica ) is as the set of all sets which are equinumerous with X: this does not work in ZFC or other related systems of axiomatic set theory because this collection is too large to be a set, but it does work in type theory and in New Foundations and related systems.
However, if we restrict from this class to those equinumerous with X that have the least rank, then it will work ( this is a trick due to Dana Scott: it works because the collection of objects with any given rank is a set ).
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