Page "Centrifugal governor" Paragraph 3
from
Wikipedia
Power is supplied to the governor from the engine's output shaft by ( in this instance ) a belt or chain ( not shown ) connected to the lower belt wheel.
The governor is connected to a throttle valve that regulates the flow of working fluid ( steam ) supplying the prime mover ( prime mover not shown ).
As the speed of the prime mover increases, the central spindle of the governor rotates at a faster rate and the kinetic energy of the balls increases.
If the motion goes far enough, this motion causes the lever arms to pull down on a thrust bearing, which moves a beam linkage, which reduces the aperture of a throttle valve.
The rate of working-fluid entering the cylinder is thus reduced and the speed of the prime mover is controlled, preventing over-speeding.
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