Page "Cholera" Paragraph 34

A number of safe and effective oral vaccines for cholera are available.

Dukoral, an orally administered, inactivated whole cell vaccine, has an overall efficacy of about 52 % during the first year after being given and 62 % in the second year, with minimal side effects.

It is available in over 60 countries.

However, it is not currently recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ( CDC ) for most people traveling from the United States to endemic countries.

One injectable vaccine was found to be effective for two to three years.

The protective efficacy was 28 % lower in children less than 5 years old.

However, as of 2010, it has limited availability.

Work is under way to investigate the role of mass vaccination.

The World Health Organization ( WHO ) recommends immunization of high risk groups, such as children and people with HIV, in countries where this disease is endemic.

If people are immunized broadly, herd immunity results, with a decrease in the amount of contamination in the environment.