Page "Cold War" Paragraph 93

During December 1979, approximately 75, 000 Soviet troops launched an incursion into Afghanistan in order to replace the Marxist government of Hafizullah Amin.

According to Bob Gates and national security advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, the Carter administration had anticipated the invasion and began providing financial aid to Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence ( ISI ) several months in advance.

Cyrus Vance's close aide Marshall Shulman claimed that the State Department tried to dissuade the Soviets from invading.