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Later in 1979, Sony and Philips set up a joint task force of engineers to design a new digital audio disc.

Led by Kees Schouhamer Immink and Toshitada Doi, the research pushed forward laser and optical disc technology that began independently by the two companies.

After a year of experimentation and discussion, the task force produced the Red Book Compact Disc standard.

First published in 1980, the standard was formally adopted by the IEC as an international standard in 1987, with various amendments becoming part of the standard in 1996.