Page "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" Paragraph 23

# Argument from the informality of behaviour: This argument states that any system governed by laws will be predictable and therefore not truly intelligent.

Turing replies by stating that this is confusing laws of behaviour with general rules of conduct, and that if on a broad enough scale ( such as is evident in man ) machine behaviour would become increasingly difficult to predict.

He argues that, just because we can't immediately see what the laws are, does not mean that no such laws exist.

He writes " we certainly know of no circumstances under which we could say, ' we have searched enough.

There are no such laws .'".

( Hubert Dreyfus would argue in 1972 that human reason and problem solving was not based on formal rules, but instead relied on instincts and awareness that would never be captured in rules.

More recent AI research in robotics and computational intelligence attempts to find the complex rules that govern our " informal " and unconscious skills of perception, mobility and pattern matching.

See Dreyfus ' critique of AI )