Page "Condensed matter physics" Paragraph 10

Drude's classical model was augmented by Felix Bloch, Arnold Sommerfeld, and independently by Wolfgang Pauli, who used quantum mechanics to describe the motion of a quantum electron in a periodic lattice.

In particular, Sommerfeld's theory accounted for the Fermi-Dirac statistics satisfied by electrons and was better able to explain the heat capacity and resistivity.

The structure of crystalline solids was studied by Max von Laue and Paul Knipping, when they observed the x-ray diffraction pattern of crystals, and concluded that crystals get their structure from periodic lattices of atoms.

The mathematics of crystal structures developed by Bravais, Federov and others was used to classify crystals by their symmetry group, and tables of crystal structures were the basis for the series International Tables of Crystallography, first published in 1935.

Band structure calculations was first used in 1930 to predict the properties of new materials, and in 1947 John Bardeen, Walter Brattain and William Shockley developed the first semiconductor-based transistor, heralding a revolution in electronics.