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The dinoflagellates ( Greek δῖνος dinos " whirling " and Latin flagellum " whip, scourge ") are a large group of flagellate protists.
Many dinoflagellates are known to be photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey.
Some species, called zooxanthellae, are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs.
Other dinoflagellates are colorless predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic ( see for example Oodinium, Pfiesteria ).
Dinoflagellates produce resting stages, called dinoflagellate cysts or dinocysts, as part of their life cycles.
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