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The Ediacaran Period, named after the Ediacara Hills of South Australia, is the last geological period of the Neoproterozoic Era and of the Proterozoic Eon, immediately preceding the Cambrian Period, the first period of the Paleozoic Era and of the Phanerozoic Eon.

Its status as an official geological period was ratified in 2004 by the International Union of Geological Sciences ( IUGS ), making it the first new geological period declared in 120 years.