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In the West, Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC.

Plato was the Classical Greek philosopher, mathematician and writer of philosophical dialogues who founded the Academy in Athens which was the first institution of higher learning in the Western world.

Inspired by the admonition of his mentor, Socrates, prior to his unjust execution that " the unexamined life is not worth living ", Plato and his student, the political scientist Aristotle, helped lay the foundations of Western philosophy and science.