Page "Electron hole" Paragraph 10

Instead of analyzing the movement of an empty state in the valence band as the movement of billions of separate electrons, a single equivalent imaginary particle called a " hole " is considered.

In an applied electric field, the electrons move in one direction, corresponding to the hole moving in the other.

If a hole associates itself with a neutral atom, that atom loses an electron and becomes positive.

Therefore the hole is taken to have positive charge of + e, precisely the opposite of the electron charge.