Page "Embouchure" Paragraph 10

Later research supports Reinhardt's claim that this motion exists and might be advisable for brass performers to adopt.

John Froelich describes how mouthpiece pressure towards the lips ( vertical forces ) and shear pressure ( horizontal forces ) functioned in three test groups, student trombonists, professional trombonists, and professional symphonic trombonists.

Froelich noted that the symphonic trombonists used the least amount of both direct and shear forces and recommends this model be followed.

Other research notes that virtually all brass performers rely upon the upward and downward embouchure motion.

Other authors and pedagogues remain skeptical about the necessity of this motion, but scientific evidence supporting this view has not been sufficiently developed at this time to support this view.