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Typically, in the later Vedic age, a Hindu king ( Maharajah ) was only called Samrāṭ after performing the Vedic Rājasūya sacrifice, enabling him by religious tradition to claim superiority over the other kings and princes.
Another word for emperor is sārvabhaumā.
The title of Samrāṭ has been used by many rulers of the Indian subcontinent as claimed by the Hindu mythologies.
In proper history, most historians call Chandragupta Maurya the first samrāṭ ( emperor ) of the Indian subcontinent, because of the huge empire he ruled.
The most famous Buddhist emperor was his grandson Ashoka the Great.
Other dynasties that are considered imperial by historians are the Kushanas, Guptas, Vijayanagara, Hoysala and the Cholas.
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