Page "Escape character" Paragraph 3

Generally, an escape character is not a particular case of ( device ) control characters, nor vice versa.

If we define control characters as non-graphic, or as having a special meaning for an output device ( e. g. printer or text terminal ) then any escape character for this device is a control one.

But escape characters used in programming ( see below ) are graphic, hence are not control characters.

Conversely most ( but not all ) of the ASCII " control characters " have some control function in isolation, therefore are not escape characters.