Page "Federal jurisdiction (United States)" Paragraph 8
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Generally, when a case has successfully overcome the hurdles of standing, Case or Controversy and State Action, it will be heard by a trial court.
The non-governmental party may raise claims or defenses relating to alleged constitutional violation ( s ) by the government.
If the Supreme Court grants certiorari and accepts the case, it will receive written briefs from each side ( and any amici curiae or friends of the court — usually interested third parties with some expertise to bear on the subject ) and schedule oral arguments.
When the Court renders its decision, it will generally do so in a single majority opinion and one or more dissenting opinions.
The majority opinion constitutes binding precedent on all lower courts ; when faced with very similar facts, they are bound to apply the same reasoning or face reversal of their decision by a higher court.
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