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Challenges exist in SOFC systems due to their high operating temperatures.

One such challenge is the potential for carbon dust to build up on the anode, which slows down the internal reforming process.

Research to address this “ carbon coking ” issue at the University of Pennsylvania has shown that the use of copper-based cermet ( heat-resistant materials made of ceramic and metal ) can reduce coking and the loss of performance.

Another disadvantage of SOFC systems is slow start-up time, making SOFCs less useful for mobile applications.

Despite these disadvantages, a high operating temperature provides an advantage by removing the need for a precious metal catalyst like platinum, thereby reducing cost.

Additionally, waste heat from SOFC systems may be captured and reused, increasing the theoretical overall efficiency to as high as 80 %- 85 %.