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Regarding the file system, a suitable program can be designated as a translator for a single file or a whole directory hierarchy.
Every access to the translated file, or files below a hierarchy in the second case, is in fact handled by the program.
For example a file translator may simply redirect read and write operations to another file, not unlike a Unix symbolic link.
The effect of Unix mounting is achieved by setting up a filesystem translator ( using the " settrans " command ).
Translators can also be used to provide services to the user.
For example, the ftpfs translator allows a user to encapsulate remote FTP sites within a directory.
Then, standard tools such as ls, cp, and rm can be used to manipulate files on the remote system.
Even more powerful translators are ones such as UnionFS, which allows a user to unify multiple directories into one ; thus listing the unified directory reveals the contents of all the directories ( a feature that is missing in many Unices, although available in modern BSDs ).

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