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A genetic map is a map based on the frequencies of recombination between markers during crossover of homologous chromosomes.
The greater the frequency of recombination ( segregation ) between two genetic markers, the farther apart they are assumed to be.
Conversely, the lower the frequency of recombination between the markers, the smaller the physical distance between them.
Historically, the markers originally used were detectable phenotypes ( enzyme production, eye color ) derived from coding DNA sequences ; eventually, confirmed or assumed noncoding DNA sequences such as microsatellites or those generating restriction fragment length polymorphisms ( RFLPs ) have been used.

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