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Helmut Richard Niebuhr ( September 3, 1894-July 5, 1962 ) was one of the most important Christian theological-ethicists in 20th century America, most known for his 1951 book Christ and Culture and his posthumously published book The Responsible Self.

The younger brother of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr, Richard Niebuhr taught for several decades at Yale Divinity School.

Both brothers were, in their day, two important figures in the neo-orthodox theological school within American Protestantism.

His theology ( together with that of his colleague at Yale, Hans Wilhelm Frei ) has been one of the main sources of postliberal theology, sometimes called the " Yale school ".

He influenced such figures as James Gustafson, Stanley Hauerwas, Gordon Kaufman, and Wendell S. Dietrich.