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Situated in a fertile area, Herāt dates back to the Avestan times and was traditionally known for its wine.
The city has a number of historic sites, including the Herat Citadel and the Mosallah Complex.
During the Middle Ages Herāt became one of the important cities of Khorasan, as it was known as the pearl of Khorasan.
It was made independent in 1717 from the Safavid dynasty by the Afghans until 1736 when the Hotaki dynasty was defeated by the Afsharids, which finally became part of the Durrani Empire in 1747.
It saw some actions during the 19th century Anglo-Afghan wars.
Much of the city has been spared from destructions that occurred in other cities of Afghanistan during the 1978-present wars.
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