Page "Historical Jewish population comparisons" Paragraph 7

Again following Jacobs, Jacques Basnage at the beginning of the 18th century estimated the total number of European Jews at 1, 360, 000, but according to a census at the First Partition of Poland in 1772, the Jews of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth numbered 308, 500.

As these formed the larger part of the European Jews, it is doubtful whether the total number was more than 400, 000 at the middle of the 18th century ; and, counting those in the lands of Islam, the entire number in the world at that time could not have been much more than 1, 000, 000.