Page "Historical race concepts" Paragraph 5

When the lighter ancient Egyptians were in power, they called the darker group " the evil race of Ish ".

When the darker ancient Egyptians were in power, they called the lighter group " the pale, degraded race of Arvad ".

These differences also related to different cultural groups who competed for power.

For example, the Ancient Egyptian sacred text called Book of Gates identifies four ethnic categories that are now conventionally labeled " Egyptians ", " Asiatics ", " Libyans ", and " Nubians " ( see Ancient Egypt and race ), but such distinctions tended to conflate differences as defined by physical features such as skin tone, with tribal and national identity.