Page "History of Austria" Paragraph 37

The culmination of the Austrian conflict with the Turks came during the long reign of Leopold I ( 1657 – 1705 ).

Following the successful defense of Vienna in 1683 led by King of Poland John III Sobieski, a series of campaigns resulted in the return of all of Hungary to Austrian control by the Treaty of Carlowitz in 1699.

At the same time, Austria was becoming more involved in competition with France in Western Europe, with Austria fighting the French in the Third Dutch War ( 1672 – 1679 ), the War of the League of Augsburg ( 1688 – 1697 ) and finally the War of the Spanish Succession ( 1701 – 1714 ), in which the French and Austrians ( along with their British, Dutch and Catalonian allies ) fought over the inheritance of the vast territories of the Spanish Habsburgs.

Although the French secured control of Spain and its colonies for a grandson of Louis XIV, the Austrians also ended up making significant gains in Western Europe, including the former Spanish Netherlands ( now called the Austrian Netherlands, including most of modern Belgium ), the Duchy of Milan in Northern Italy, and Naples and Sardinia in Southern Italy.

( The latter was traded for Sicily in 1720 ).