Page "History of Chile" Paragraph 36

In the minds of most members of the Chilean elite, the bloodshed and chaos of the late 1820s were attributable to the shortcomings of liberalism and federalism, which had been dominant over conservatism for most of the period.

The political camp became divided by supporters of O ' Higgins, Carrera, liberal Pipiolos and conservative Pelucones, being the two last the main movements that prevailed and absorbed the rest.

The abolition of slavery in 1823 — long before most other countries in the Americas — was considered one of the Pipiolos ' few lasting achievements.

One Pipiolo leader from the south, Ramón Freire, rode in and out of the presidency several times ( 1823 – 1827, 1828, 1829, 1830 ) but could not sustain his authority.

From May 1827 to September 1831, with the exception of brief interventions by Freire, the presidency was occupied by Francisco Antonio Pinto, Freire's former vice president.