Page "History of Israel" Paragraph 18
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In 538 BCE, Cyrus the Great of Persia conquered Babylon and took over its empire.
Cyrus issued a proclamation granting subjugated nations ( including the people of Judah ) religious freedom.
According to the Hebrew Bible 50, 000 Judeans, led by Zerubabel returned to Judah and rebuilt the temple.
A second group of 5, 000, led by Ezra and Nehemiah, returned to Judah in 456 BCE although non-Jews wrote to Cyrus to try to prevent their return.
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