Page "History of Israel" Paragraph 61

Between 1904 and 1914, around 40, 000 Jews settled in Southern Syria ( the Second Aliyah ).

In 1908 the Zionist Organisation set up the Palestine Bureau ( also known as the " Eretz Israel Office ") in Jaffa and began to adopt a systematic Jewish settlement policy in Palestine.

Migrants were mainly from Russia ( which then included Poland ), escaping persecution.

The first kibbutz, Degania, was founded by Russian socialists in 1909.

The first entirely Hebrew-speaking city, Ahuzat Bayit was established in 1909 ( later renamed Tel Aviv ).

Hebrew newspapers and books were published, and Jewish political parties and workers organizations were established.