Page "History of Namibia" Paragraph 48

Following the League's supersession by the United Nations in 1946, South Africa refused to surrender its earlier mandate to be replaced by a United Nations Trusteeship agreement, requiring closer international monitoring of the territory's administration.

Although the South African government wanted to incorporate " South-West Africa " into its territory, it never officially did so, although it was administered as the de facto ' fifth province ', with the white minority having representation in the whites-only Parliament of South Africa.

In 1959, the colonial forces in Windhoek sought to remove black residents further away from the white area of town.

The residents protested and the subsequent killing of eleven protesters spawned by the Namibian War of Independence with the formation of united black opposition to South African rule as well as the township of Katutura.