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Several analog computers were constructed in ancient and medieval times to perform astronomical calculations.
These include the Antikythera mechanism and the astrolabe from ancient Greece ( c. 150 – 100 BC ), which are generally regarded as the earliest known mechanical analog computers.
Hero of Alexandria ( c. 10 – 70 AD ) made many complex mechanical devices including automata and a programmable cart.
Other early versions of mechanical devices used to perform one or another type of calculations include the planisphere and other mechanical computing devices invented by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī ( c. AD 1000 ); the equatorium and universal latitude-independent astrolabe by Abū Ishāq Ibrāhīm al-Zarqālī ( c. AD 1015 ); the astronomical analog computers of other medieval Muslim astronomers and engineers ; and the astronomical clock tower of Su Song ( c. AD 1090 ) during the Song Dynasty.

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