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A second strand of international humanitarian law, also initially related to war, sought to prescribe the means by which war might be conducted.
Early steps in the evolution of this strand had begun in the latter part of the 19th century, following the American Civil and Crimean wars, and prompted by fear of the loss of life and destruction caused by considerable improvements in weaponry.
These efforts came together in the Hague Convention ( 1907 ).
They were based upon two principles: that war should be restricted to combatants and any means adopted which offended that principle should be proscribed ancient principle had been articulated by Honore Bonet in the 15th century and was based upon the proposition that war was a relation between state and state and not between man and man ; second was the principle that the means to attain victory in war were not unlimited.
This negative proscription became increasingly important as new weapons with increasing destructiveness were invented and developed.

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