Page "Independent expenditure" Paragraph 25

Overall, the claim of independent expenditure by groups during the 2012 was very much a repeat of claims made during previous elections.

In prior elections, claims and counterclaims centered around the subject of issue advocacy.

Many claimed that their advertisements failed to mention one of the eight magic words and was therefore unregulated issue only advocacy.

The words were repeated and argued on Capital Hill.

They were taught in law schools, and everyone seemingly ignored the inconvenient fact they were only examples.