Page "Industrial espionage" Paragraph 9

Economic or industrial espionage commonly occurs in one of two ways.

Firstly, a dissatisfied employee appropriates information to advance their own interests or to damage the company or, secondly, a competitor or foreign government seeks information to advance its own technological or financial interest ' Moles ' or trusted insiders are generally considered the best sources for economic or industrial espionage.

Historically known as a ' patsy ,' an insider can be induced, willingly or under duress to provide information.

A ' patsy ' may be initially asked to hand over inconsequential information and once compromised by committing a crime, bribed into handing over material which is more sensitive.

Individuals may leave one company to take up employment with another and take sensitive information with them.

Such apparent behavior has been the focus of numerous industrial espionage cases that have resulted in legal battles.

Some countries hire individuals to do spying rather than make use of their own intelligence agencies.

Academics, business delegates and students are often thought to be utilized by governments in gathering information.

Some countries, such as Japan, have been reported to expect students be debriefed on returning home.

A spy may follow a guided tour of a factory then get ' lost '.

A spy could be an engineer, a maintenance man, a cleaner, an insurance salesman or an inspector-basically anyone who has legitimate access to the premises.