Page "Junk science" Paragraph 1

The term was first used in relation to expert testimony in civil litigation.

More recently, it has been used to criticize research on the harmful environmental or public health effects of corporate activities, and occasionally in response to such criticism.

" Junk science " is often counterposed to " sound science ", a term used to describe studies that favor the accuser's point of view.

These terms have been particularly promoted by Steven Milloy and the Advancement of Sound Science Center.

It is the role of political interests which distinguishes debate over junk science from discussions of pseudoscience and controversial science.